Ivanchenko L. Paper production of Kochubeys on the village Retik (Chernihiv region, mid-nineteenth century) (HSBS 2019-1 Article No.3)

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Electronic scientific professional edition
History of Science and Biographical Studies
2019 No. 1
Article No. 3

All numbers / 2019 No.1 / Article No.3

3 Paper production of Kochubeys on the village Retik (Chernihiv region, mid-nineteenth century) full article

https://doi.org/
Ivanchenko L. Pages: 5-6

Summary

Writing was and remains the expression of the level of culture of the people. In ancient times there were centuries when the written works were carved on a stone, squeezed out on clay, written on birch or parchment. Having spread in the 11 century in Europe, paper became the main means of transmitting oral speech, the bearer of human thoughts and remains so until now. For us today, paper is a common phenomenon, inexpensive material that has a wide range of applications.

The development of paper production is taking place in the history of our country. Paper industry originated almost simultaneously with the introduction of printing. In the 14 century paper making was a primitive method. Raw material used to be an old rag, which was stuffed in a stupa with wooden hammers, exhausted on a sieve, and so on. At the end of the 17 century. In our country there were a number of small manufactories, including paper production. Localized factories, as a rule, near the rivers, was a kind of water mill – in fact, to activate the mechanisms used water power. Because of this, paper production was of a seasonal nature and took a lot of manual labor.

The invention of the second half of the 17 century the milling machine – a roll, was of great importance in the development of the paper industry. At the end of the 18 century. roles have already made it possible to produce a large amount of paper mass, but manual discharge (exhaustion) of paper delayed the growth of production. And only at the end of the 19 century, due to the transition to another raw material for the manufacture of wood pulp, there was a progressive leap, because the change in the technological process required a powerful mechanization.

This scientific study reveals the principles of activity of one of the paper factories of Sivershchyna in the middle of the nineteenth century – Prechistenska paper factory in Kochubey on the village of Retik.

This scientific study reveals the principles of activity of one of the paper mills of Sivershchyna in the middle of the 19 century – Prechistenska paper mill at the village of Retik. Its owners were representatives of the famous сossack-elder family of Kochubey. At the end of the 17th century. V.L. Kochubei bought land in this area, received the Hetman Universal on these estates and gave a promise to take care of their own and not to harm the human lands. From grandparents, the grandparents passed these obligations to the descendants. And those, in turn, followed the guidelines – developed the branches of agriculture, industry, introduced advanced technologies, provided their estates and enterprises with scientific research, laid parks, built schools, churches, and so on. Their, at first sight, private activity was a kind of charitable contribution to the economic development of the state, education, culture, science etc.

Keywords

paper, paper production, paper mill, village Retik, Kochubey

References

Matsiuk, O. (1974). Papir ta filihrani na ukrainskykh zemliakh (ХVI – pochatok ХХ st.). [Paper and filigree on the Ukrainian lands (ХVІ – beginning of the XIX century)]. Kyiv : Naukova dumka, 294. [in Ukrainian].

Vynohradskyi, Yu. (1928). Serednia Chernihivshchyna naprykintsi XVIII – XIX v. [The average Chernihiv region at the end of the XVIII – XIX centuries]. Istorychno-heohrafichnyi zbirnyk [Historical and geographic collection] / Vseukrainska Akademiia Nauk. Kуiv, 2. 183–203. [in Ukrainian].

Modzalevskyi, V. L. (1910). Malorosiуіskу Rodoslovnyk [Malorosiуіskу genealogist]. Kyiv : typ. t-va H. L. Frontskevycha і K. 2 : E–K. 524–557. [in Russian].

Semenov-Tian-Shanskyi, P. P. (1903). Rossiуa. Polnoe heohrafycheskoe opysanye nasheho otechestva: nastolnaуa і dorozhnaуa knіha dlуa russkykh liudei [Russia A complete geographical description of our homeland : a desktop and road book for Russian people]. Sankt-Peterburg : izd-vo Davriena, 7. 518. [in Russian].

(1721). Yz materіallov Chernіhovskoi hubernskoi uchebnoi arkhіvnoi komіssіі. [From the materials of the Chernigov provincial educational archival commission]. TsDIAU, f. 1219, op. 1, spr. 5. 8 ark. [in Russian].

Pavlovych, P. E. (1903). Dubovychy. Іmenіe Varvarу Vasіlevnу Kochubeу, Hlukhovskoho uezda, Chernyhovskoi hubernyy [Dubovichi. Estates of Varvara Vasilievna Kochubei, Glukhov district, Chernigov province]. Kyiv : tіp. Kulzhenko, 145. [in Russian].

Matsiuk, O. (1994). Istoriуa Ukrainskoho paperu [The history of Ukrainian paper] / Instytut ukrainskoi arkheohrafii ANU. Kyiv, 186. [in Ukrainian].

Kosharnivskyi, M. (1930). Z istorii staroi paperovoi promyslovosti na Chernihivshchyni [From the history of the old paper industry in Chernigov region]. Bibliolohichni visti [Bibliographic news]. Kyiv. 4. 49–70. [in Ukrainian].

(1841). Statіstіcheskіe vedomostі o kolіchestve naseleniуa, fabrіk і zavodov. [Statistical reports on the number of population, factories and factories]. DAChO. F. 128, op. 1, spr. 8465, ark. 136–137, 148–149. [in Russian].

(1847). Zhurnal Manufaktur і torhovlі [Magazine of Manufactory and Trade]. Sankt-Peterburg : typ. voen.-uchebn. zaved. 6, 2. 459. [in Russian].

(1833). Spysok fabrіkantam і zavodchіkam Rossiуskoу іmperіі v 1832 g. [List of manufacturers and breeders of the Russian Empire in 1832]. Sankt-Peterburg : tіp. departamenta vneshneу torhovlі, 845. [in Russian].

Rebrova, N. B. (2016). Demian Vasylovych Kochubeу [Demyan Vasilyevich Kochubei]. Sivershchyna v istorii Ukrainy [Sivershchyna in the history of Ukraine]. Hlukhiv. 9. 318–322. [in Ukrainian].

(1863 р.). Statіstіcheskіуe svedeniуa і zamechaniуa o Krolуevуetskom uуezde. [Statistical information and observations about Krolewets distric]. TsDIAU, f. 707, op. 29, spr. 39 a. ark. 41. [in Russian].

Domontovіch, M. (1865). Materyalу dlуa heohrafiі і statіstіkі Rossiі. Chernіhovskоу hubernii [Materials for the geography and statistics of Russia. Chernigov province]. Sankt-Peterburg : typ. F. Persona, 796. [in Russian].

(1862). Pamуatnaуa knіzhka Chernyhovskoу hubernіі, іzdanіye Chernіhovskoho hubernskaho statіstіcheskaho komіteta [Memorable book of Chernigov province, edition of Chernigov gubernskogo statistical committee]. Chernіhov : tіp. Hub. Іlyіn. monastуrуa, 524. [in Russian].

(1862). Evheniу Hryhorenko. Іhralnууe kartу 1 sort. Khudozhnіk A. І. Sharleman. 1862 h. [Playing cards 1 grade. Artist AI Charlemagne 1862]. Game Wiki. [Game Wiki]. http://game-wiki.guru/published/kartyi/igralnyie-kartyi-1-sort.-xudozhnik-a.i.sharleman.-1862-g.html (last accessed : 10.10.2018). [in Russian].

Hurba, V. H. (2012). Dubovychi : ist.-kraуezn. narys [Dubovichi : historical and local history essay]. Kyiv : «Biznespolihraf», 279. [in Ukrainian].

(1858). Zhurnal Manufaktur і torhovlі [Magazine of Manufactory and Trade]. November. [in Russian].

Verhunov, V. A. (2015). Poltavskomu tovarystvu silskoho hospodarstva – 150 rokiv : vikhy vydatnykh diуan na blaho Ukrainy [Poltava Association of Agriculture – 150 years : milestones of outstanding actions for the benefit of Ukraine]. Kyiv. 51. (Ist.-bibliohr. ser. «Ahrarna nauka Ukrainy v osobakh, dokumentakh, bibliohrafii» ; kn. 76). [in Ukrainian].

Title page of Edition
© National Scientific Agricultural Library NAAS, 2019

All numbers / 2019 No.1 / Article No.3

3	Paper production of Kochubeys on the village Retik (Chernihiv region, mid-nineteenth century)			full article
	https://doi.org/ Ivanchenko L.	Pages:	5-6
Summary
	Writing was and remains the expression of the level of culture of the people. In ancient times there were centuries when the written works were carved on a stone, squeezed out on clay, written on birch or parchment. Having spread in the 11 century in Europe, paper became the main means of transmitting oral speech, the bearer of human thoughts and remains so until now. For us today, paper is a common phenomenon, inexpensive material that has a wide range of applications. The development of paper production is taking place in the history of our country. Paper industry originated almost simultaneously with the introduction of printing. In the 14 century paper making was a primitive method. Raw material used to be an old rag, which was stuffed in a stupa with wooden hammers, exhausted on a sieve, and so on. At the end of the 17 century. In our country there were a number of small manufactories, including paper production. Localized factories, as a rule, near the rivers, was a kind of water mill – in fact, to activate the mechanisms used water power. Because of this, paper production was of a seasonal nature and took a lot of manual labor. The invention of the second half of the 17 century the milling machine – a roll, was of great importance in the development of the paper industry. At the end of the 18 century. roles have already made it possible to produce a large amount of paper mass, but manual discharge (exhaustion) of paper delayed the growth of production. And only at the end of the 19 century, due to the transition to another raw material for the manufacture of wood pulp, there was a progressive leap, because the change in the technological process required a powerful mechanization. This scientific study reveals the principles of activity of one of the paper factories of Sivershchyna in the middle of the nineteenth century – Prechistenska paper factory in Kochubey on the village of Retik. This scientific study reveals the principles of activity of one of the paper mills of Sivershchyna in the middle of the 19 century – Prechistenska paper mill at the village of Retik. Its owners were representatives of the famous сossack-elder family of Kochubey. At the end of the 17th century. V.L. Kochubei bought land in this area, received the Hetman Universal on these estates and gave a promise to take care of their own and not to harm the human lands. From grandparents, the grandparents passed these obligations to the descendants. And those, in turn, followed the guidelines – developed the branches of agriculture, industry, introduced advanced technologies, provided their estates and enterprises with scientific research, laid parks, built schools, churches, and so on. Their, at first sight, private activity was a kind of charitable contribution to the economic development of the state, education, culture, science etc.
Keywords
	paper, paper production, paper mill, village Retik, Kochubey
References
	Matsiuk, O. (1974). Papir ta filihrani na ukrainskykh zemliakh (ХVI – pochatok ХХ st.). [Paper and filigree on the Ukrainian lands (ХVІ – beginning of the XIX century)]. Kyiv : Naukova dumka, 294. [in Ukrainian]. Vynohradskyi, Yu. (1928). Serednia Chernihivshchyna naprykintsi XVIII – XIX v. [The average Chernihiv region at the end of the XVIII – XIX centuries]. Istorychno-heohrafichnyi zbirnyk [Historical and geographic collection] / Vseukrainska Akademiia Nauk. Kуiv, 2. 183–203. [in Ukrainian]. Modzalevskyi, V. L. (1910). Malorosiуіskу Rodoslovnyk [Malorosiуіskу genealogist]. Kyiv : typ. t-va H. L. Frontskevycha і K. 2 : E–K. 524–557. [in Russian]. Semenov-Tian-Shanskyi, P. P. (1903). Rossiуa. Polnoe heohrafycheskoe opysanye nasheho otechestva: nastolnaуa і dorozhnaуa knіha dlуa russkykh liudei [Russia A complete geographical description of our homeland : a desktop and road book for Russian people]. Sankt-Peterburg : izd-vo Davriena, 7. 518. [in Russian]. (1721). Yz materіallov Chernіhovskoi hubernskoi uchebnoi arkhіvnoi komіssіі. [From the materials of the Chernigov provincial educational archival commission]. TsDIAU, f. 1219, op. 1, spr. 5. 8 ark. [in Russian]. Pavlovych, P. E. (1903). Dubovychy. Іmenіe Varvarу Vasіlevnу Kochubeу, Hlukhovskoho uezda, Chernyhovskoi hubernyy [Dubovichi. Estates of Varvara Vasilievna Kochubei, Glukhov district, Chernigov province]. Kyiv : tіp. Kulzhenko, 145. [in Russian]. Matsiuk, O. (1994). Istoriуa Ukrainskoho paperu [The history of Ukrainian paper] / Instytut ukrainskoi arkheohrafii ANU. Kyiv, 186. [in Ukrainian]. Kosharnivskyi, M. (1930). Z istorii staroi paperovoi promyslovosti na Chernihivshchyni [From the history of the old paper industry in Chernigov region]. Bibliolohichni visti [Bibliographic news]. Kyiv. 4. 49–70. [in Ukrainian]. (1841). Statіstіcheskіe vedomostі o kolіchestve naseleniуa, fabrіk і zavodov. [Statistical reports on the number of population, factories and factories]. DAChO. F. 128, op. 1, spr. 8465, ark. 136–137, 148–149. [in Russian]. (1847). Zhurnal Manufaktur і torhovlі [Magazine of Manufactory and Trade]. Sankt-Peterburg : typ. voen.-uchebn. zaved. 6, 2. 459. [in Russian]. (1833). Spysok fabrіkantam і zavodchіkam Rossiуskoу іmperіі v 1832 g. [List of manufacturers and breeders of the Russian Empire in 1832]. Sankt-Peterburg : tіp. departamenta vneshneу torhovlі, 845. [in Russian]. Rebrova, N. B. (2016). Demian Vasylovych Kochubeу [Demyan Vasilyevich Kochubei]. Sivershchyna v istorii Ukrainy [Sivershchyna in the history of Ukraine]. Hlukhiv. 9. 318–322. [in Ukrainian]. (1863 р.). Statіstіcheskіуe svedeniуa і zamechaniуa o Krolуevуetskom uуezde. [Statistical information and observations about Krolewets distric]. TsDIAU, f. 707, op. 29, spr. 39 a. ark. 41. [in Russian]. Domontovіch, M. (1865). Materyalу dlуa heohrafiі і statіstіkі Rossiі. Chernіhovskоу hubernii [Materials for the geography and statistics of Russia. Chernigov province]. Sankt-Peterburg : typ. F. Persona, 796. [in Russian]. (1862). Pamуatnaуa knіzhka Chernyhovskoу hubernіі, іzdanіye Chernіhovskoho hubernskaho statіstіcheskaho komіteta [Memorable book of Chernigov province, edition of Chernigov gubernskogo statistical committee]. Chernіhov : tіp. Hub. Іlyіn. monastуrуa, 524. [in Russian]. (1862). Evheniу Hryhorenko. Іhralnууe kartу 1 sort. Khudozhnіk A. І. Sharleman. 1862 h. [Playing cards 1 grade. Artist AI Charlemagne 1862]. Game Wiki. [Game Wiki]. http://game-wiki.guru/published/kartyi/igralnyie-kartyi-1-sort.-xudozhnik-a.i.sharleman.-1862-g.html (last accessed : 10.10.2018). [in Russian]. Hurba, V. H. (2012). Dubovychi : ist.-kraуezn. narys [Dubovichi : historical and local history essay]. Kyiv : «Biznespolihraf», 279. [in Ukrainian]. (1858). Zhurnal Manufaktur і torhovlі [Magazine of Manufactory and Trade]. November. [in Russian]. Verhunov, V. A. (2015). Poltavskomu tovarystvu silskoho hospodarstva – 150 rokiv : vikhy vydatnykh diуan na blaho Ukrainy [Poltava Association of Agriculture – 150 years : milestones of outstanding actions for the benefit of Ukraine]. Kyiv. 51. (Ist.-bibliohr. ser. «Ahrarna nauka Ukrainy v osobakh, dokumentakh, bibliohrafii» ; kn. 76). [in Ukrainian].

Electronic scientific professional edition History of Science and Biographical Studies 2019 No. 1 Article No. 3

Electronic scientific professional edition
History of Science and Biographical Studies
2019 No. 1
Article No. 3