ukr | eng
ННСГБ НААН  

Electronic scientific professional edition
History of Science and Biographical Studies
2018 No. 2
Article No. 3
All numbers /  2018 No.2 /  Article No.3
 
3 Ukraine after the orange revolution 2005–2010: purposes, unrealized ideas-strategies in ethnic and national policy full article
https://doi.org/
Kotsur V. 		Pages: 47-79
Summary

This article reveals the peculiarities of ethnopolitical processes in Ukraine at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The peculiarities of legislative regulation of protection of the rights of national minorities in Ukraine are highlighted. The process of change and improvement of the legislative base on the national minorities of Ukraine in 2005–2010, after the Orange Revolution, in the conditions of socio-economic changes, political crises, formation – ideas, strategies of national development, normative and legal principles of interethnic relations was explored.

It was determined that the main legal documents, which were to be approved at the legislative level, are the Concept of the State Ethnic Policy, a new version of the Law of Ukraine «On National Minorities» and the draft «Strategy of the State Ethnic Policy». These documents should lay the foundation for the further development of statehood and the protection of national minorities, based on a public consensus and rely on the support of civic organizations in order to preserve peace in Ukraine. It has been determined that the ethno-national and ethno-national policy of 2005–2010 had some regional peculiarities. The most acute linguistic-cultural problem arose in the southeast of the country and the Crimea.

Through 2005–2010, thanks to the state support of civic organizations of national minorities, it was possible to modernize the ethno-cultural process in Ukraine. This contributed to the quantitative growth of civic organizations of national minorities.

After the Orange Revolution, pro-Russian forces, whose leaders did not accept the program by Victor Yushchenko, and were not ready to cooperate with him. This caused a number of problems in the state.

During 2005–2010, radical Hungarian organizations, whose activities contradicted Ukrainian legislation, intensified.

Attempts to revive regional separatism in Transcarpathia during 2005–2010 were unsuccessful because of the lack of a social base for political Rusynism, conflicts in the middle of Rusyn movements, and the rejection of public opinion in the region.

Odessa also became one of the regions where ethnic minorities took a very active part in public life. The national diversity of the region and the compact housing of some minorities during the Orange Revolution led to the formation of a powerful foundation for separatism, which was fed up with the submission of the Russian Federation.

At the same time, the absence of a strategy for ethno-national policy, the concept of language policy, inability and indecision to modernize legislation regarding national minorities became one of the reasons for the loss of Victor Yuschenko his position as the President of Ukraine.
Keywords
national minorities, national-cultural societies, ethnopolitical processes, legislative base, laws of Ukraine, authorities, deported peoples, national accord
References
  1. Adamovych, S. V. (2009). Sobornist ta rehionalnyi rozvytok u suspilno-politychnomu zhytti nezalezhnoi Ukrainy [Unification and regional development in the socio-political life of independent Ukrain]. Ivano-Frankivsk : Misto NV, [City of HB]. 884. [in Ukrainian].
  2. Andriiash, V. I. (2013). Derzhavna etnopolityka Ukrainy v umovakh hlobalizatsii : monohrafiia [State Ethnic Policy of Ukraine in the Conditions of Globalization : monograph]. Mykolaiv : Vyd-vo ChDU im. Petra Mohyly, [View of the BSU them. Petro Mohyla]. 328. [in Ukrainian].
  3. Biliavska, O. S. Rehionalnyi aspekt etnopolityky suchasnoi Ukrainy: etnokulturni protsesu u Zakarpatti. [Regional aspect of ethnopolitics of modern Ukraine : ethnocultural process in Transcarpathia]. URL : http://ela.kpi.ua/bitstream/123456789/2323/1/Bilyavsk.pdf  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  4. Boriak, H. V., Holovko, V. V. and Danylenko, V. M. and other. (2016). 25 rokiv nezalezhnosti : narysy istorii tvorennia natsii ta derzhavy. [25 years of independence : essays on the history of creation of the nation and the state] / NAN Ukrainy ; In-t istorii Ukrainy. [National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ; Institute of History of Ukraine]. Kyiv : Nika-tsentr, [Nika-center]. 796. [in Ukrainian].
  5. Vitman, K. M. Derzhavna etnonatsionalna polityka Ukrainy: cherhova sproba kontseptualizatsii. [State ethnonational policy of Ukraine : another attempt of conceptualization]. URL : http://dspace.onua.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/11300/115/app-36_Vitman_K_M_%2815-26%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018) [in Ukrainian].
  6. Derzhavna prohrama rozvytku i funktsionuvannia ukrainskoi movy za 2004–2010 rr. [State Program for the Development and Functioning of the Ukrainian Language for 2004–2010]. URL : http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1546-2003-%D0%BF  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018) [in Ukrainian].
  7. Dovidka shchodo zabezpechennia prav natsionalnykh spilnot na Bukovyni (Chernivetska oblasna derzhavna administratsiia). [Reference on the provision of the rights of national communities in Bukovina (Chernivtsi Regional State Administration)]. URL : http://versii.cv.ua/news/rumunskyj-aspekt-v-chernivetskij-oblasti/4019.html  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  8. (2014). Donbas v etnopolitychnomu vymiri [Donbass in the ethnopolitical dimension] / IPiEND im. I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrainy [IpIend them. I. F. Kuras National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Kyiv. 584. [in Ukrainian].
  9. (2011). Panchuk, M., Yevtukh, V., Voinalovych, V., Kotyhorenko, V., Kalakura, O., Kochan, N., Makarenko, N., Horban, T., Liashenko, O. and Kovach, L. Etnopolitychni protsesy v Ukraini : rehionalni osoblyvosti. [Ethnopolitical processes in Ukraine : regional peculiarities.] / Instytut politychnykh i etnonatsionalnykh doslidzhen im. I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrainy [Institute of Political and Ethnonational Studies I. F. Kuras NAS of Ukraine]. Kyiv. 396. [in Ukrainian].
  10. Ievsieieva, H. P. (2010). Pytannia derzhavnoi movnoi polityky u diialnosti parlamentskykh partii ta blokiv [The question of state language policy in the activities of parliamentary parties and blocs.] Universytetski naukovi zapysky. [University scientific notes]. 1 (33). 196–202. [in Ukrainian].
  11. (2008). Zakarpattia v etnopolitychnomu vymiri [Transcarpathia in the ethnopolitical dimension] / IPiEND im. I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrainy, [Institute of Political and Ethnonational Studies them I. F. Kuras National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Kyiv, 682. [in Ukrainian].
  12. Zakliuchnyi zvit pro rezultaty vykonannia Derzhavnoi prohramy rozvytku i funktsionuvannia ukrainskoi movy na 2004–2010 roky. [Final report on the results of the implementation of the State Program for the Development and Functioning of the Ukrainian Language for 2004–2010]. URL : http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/MUS15523.html  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  13. Zakon Ukrainy «Pro ratyfikatsiiu Yevropeiskoi khartii rehionalnykh mov abo mov menshyn». [The Law of Ukraine «On Ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages»]. URL : http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/802-15  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  14. Kotyhorenko, V. O. (2008). Shchodo stratehii derzhavnoi etnonatsionalnoi polityky. [Regarding the strategy of state ethno-national policy]. Stratehichni priorytety. [Strategic priorities]. Kyiv, 1(6). 40–52. [in Ukrainian].
  15. Kresina, I., Loiko, L., Yavir, V. (2010). Kontseptsiia derzhavnoi etnonatsionalnoi polityky Ukrainy (Proekt). [Concept of the state ethno-national policy of Ukraine (Project)]. Politychnyi menedzhment. [Political management]. Kyiv. 2. 65–72. [in Ukrainian].
  16. Kryvytska, O. V. (2015). Demarkatsiini linii v etnopolitychnomu prostori Ukrainy : monohrafiia [Demarcation lines in the ethnopolitical space of Ukraine : monograph]. Kyiv : IPiEND im. I. F. Kurasa, NAN Ukrainy, [IpIend them. I. F. Kuras National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine : monograph]. 328. [in Ukrainian].
  17. Smolii, V. A. ed. (2014). Krym : shliakh kriz viky. Istoriia u zapytanniakh i vidpovidiakh. [Crimea : the way through the ages. History Questions and Answers] / NAN Ukrainy, Instytut istorii Ukrainy. [National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of History of Ukraine] Kyiv , 456. [in Ukrainian].
  18. Kruhlashov, A. and Shcherbatiuk, O. (2013). Rehionalni aspekty diialnosti hrup interesiv v Ukraini (na prykladi Chernivetskoi oblasti). [Regional aspects of the activity of interest groups in Ukraine (for example, Chernivtsi region)]. Naukovi zapysky IPiEND im. I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrainy. [Scientific Papers I. F. Kuras National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Kyiv, 5 (67). 290–306. [in Ukrainian].
  19. Liublianskye rekomendatsyy po yntehratsyy raznoobraznыkh obshchestv. [Ljubljana recommendations for the integration of diverse societies]. URL : http://www.osce.org/hcnm/ljubljana-guidelines  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  20. Mahrytska, I. Movna polityka «Pomaranchevoi» vlady. [Language policy of the «Orange» authorities]. URL : http://elar.nung.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/4551/1/6048p.PDF  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  21. Maiboroda, O. (1996). Etnonatsionalni protsesy v suchasnii Ukraini. [Ethnonational Processes in Contemporary Ukraine]. Kyiv : UADU, [in Ukrainian].
  22. Melnyk, S., Chernychenko, S. (2010). Etnichne ta movne rozmaittia Ukrainy. Analitychnyi ohliad sytuatsii : monohrafiia [Ethnic and Linguistic Diversity of Ukraine. Analytical review of the situation : monograph]. Uzhhorod : PoliPrint, 164. [in Ukrainian].
  23. Petrunok, B. (2014). Krymskotatarski hromadski orhanizatsii periodu repatriatsii v konteksti mihratsiinykh protsesiv [Crimean Tatar community organizations of the repatriation period in the context of migration processes]. Ukrainoznavchyi almanakh [Ukrainian Studies Almanac]. Kyiv : Kyivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Tarasa Shevchenka [Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University]. 35–39. [in Ukrainian].
  24. (2015). Karmazinа, M. S. ed. Politychni identychnosti v suchasnii Ukraini [Political Identities in Modern Ukraine]. Kyiv : IPiEND, 288. [in Ukrainian].
  25. Proekt Zakonu Ukrainy «Pro Kontseptsiiu derzhavnoi etnonatsionalnoi polityky Ukrainy» [Draft Law of Ukraine «On the Concept of the State Ethnic and Ethnic Policy of Ukraine»]. URL : http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_2?id=&pf3516=3581&skl=7  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  26. Protsesy polityzatsii etnichnosti v Ukraini : zahrozy ta mozhlyvosti dlia derzhavnoi polityky vumovakh zovnishnoi ahresii [The processes of politicization of ethnicity in Ukraine : threats and opportunities for state policy in the context of external aggression]. URL : http://www.niss.gov.ua/content/articles/files/Degterenko-15095.pdf  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  27. Rada natsionalnykh tovarystv Mykolaivskoi oblasti [Council of National Societies of Mykolaiv Oblast]. Istoriia. Za natsionalnu zghodu ta porozuminnia. [History. For national consensus and understanding]. URL : http://festival-druzba.com.ua/?page_id=51&lang=uk  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  28. Rafalskyi, I. O. (2016). Natsionalno-derzhavne samovyznachennia Ukrainy : vnutrishni chynnyky ta zovnishni vyklyky [National-Self-determination of Ukraine : Internal Factors and External Challenges] / IPiEND im. I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrainy [Institute of Political and Ethnonational Studies them I. F. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Kyiv ; Nizhyn : Vydavnytstvo Lysenko M. M, 480. [in Ukrainian].
  29. Rafalskyi, O. O. (2000). Natsionalni menshyny Ukrainy u XX stolitti : istoriohrafichnyi narys. [National Minorities of Ukraine in the 20th Century : Historiographical Essay]. Kyiv, 447. [in Ukrainian].
  30. Reznik, O. (2014). Strukturni vymiry uchasti v Pomaranchevii revoliutsii ta revoliutsii hidnosti [Structural measurements of participation in the Orange Revolution and Dignity Revolution]. Ukrainske suspilstvo : monitorynh sotsialnykh zmin. [Ukrainian society : monitoring social change]. Kyiv : Instytut sotsiolohii NAN Ukrainy. 1 (15), 1. 141–146. [in Ukrainian].
  31. Reshetnikov, Yu. V. and Riznykova, Ya. O. (2014). Aktualni pytannia realizatsii derzhavnoi etnonatsionalnoi polityky Ukrainy. [Actual questions of realization of state ethnonational policy of Ukraine]. Derzhavne upravlinnia : teoriia ta praktyka [Public Administration : Theory and Practice]. 1. 5–11. [in Ukrainian].
  32. Skliarska, O. (2017). Etnodemohrafichni ta etnopolitychni protsesy v ukrainsko-uhorskomu prykordonni na pochatku XX st. [Ethnodemographic and Ethnopolitical Processes in the Ukrainian-Hungarian Border at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century]. Narodoznavchi zoshyty. [Cognitive notebooks]. 2 (134). 416–421. [in Ukrainian].
  33. Smolii, V., Kulchytskyi, S. and Yakubova, L. (2016). Donbas i Krym v ekonomichnomu, suspilno-politychnomu ta etnokulturnomu prostori Ukrainy : istorychnyi dosvid, moderni vyklyky, perspektyvy (analitychna dopovid). [Donbas and Crimea in the economic, sociopolitical and ethno-cultural space of Ukraine : historical experience, modern challenges, perspectives (analytical report)] / Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy [Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Kyiv, 616. [in Ukrainian].
  34. Smolii, V., Kulchytskyi, S. and Yakubova, L. (2016). Donbas i Krym : mistse v modernomu natsionalnomu proekti (analitychna zapyska). [Donbass and Crimea: place in the modern national project (analytical note)] / Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy [Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Kyiv, 66. [in Ukrainian].
  35. (2006). Stan dotrymannia ta zakhyst prav natsionalnykh menshyn v Ukraini [Status of observance and protection of the rights of national minorities in Ukraine]. Spetsialna dopovid Upovnovazhenoho Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy z prav liudyny. [Special report of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]. Kyiv, 93. [in Ukrainian].
  36. Stratehiia derzhavnoi etnonatsionalnoi polityky. [Strategy of state ethno-national policy]. URL: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=33206  (date of treatment : 14.06.2018). [in Ukrainian].
  37. (2015). Superechnosti identychnostei v Ukraini ta shliakhy yikh rehuliuvannia v kontekstakh polityky hromadianskoi konsolidatsii ukrainskoi natsii [Conflicts of identities in Ukraine and ways of their regulation in the contexts of the policy of civil consolidation of the Ukrainian nation]. Analitychna dopovid. [Analytical report]. / IPiEND im. I. F. Kurasa NAN Ukrainy [Institute of Political and Ethnonational Studies them. I. F. Kuras National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Kyiv, 160. [in Ukrainian].
  38. Uhortsi u mistsevykh orhanakh samovriaduvannia ta u vykonavchii vladi [Hungarians in local self-government bodies and in the executive branch]. URL : http://uzhgorod.net.ua/news/44979  [in Ukrainian].
  39. Skrypnyk, H. ed. (2013). Ukraintsi-rusyny : etnolinhvistychni ta etnokulturni protsesy v istorychnomu rozvytku [Ukrainian Rusyns : ethnolinguistic and ethnocultural processes in historical development] / NAN Ukrainy, MAU, IMFE im. M. T. Rylskoho [National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, UIA, Institute of Art Studies, Folklore Studies and Ethnology. M. T. Rilsky]. Kyiv, 777. [in Ukrainian].
  40. Shaikhatdinov, A. Z. (2010). Osoblyvosti realizatsii derzhavnoi etnopolityky u donetskii oblasti na suchasnomu etapi [Shayhatdinov AZ Features of the implementation of state ethnopolitics in the Donetsk region at the present stage]. Naukovi pratsi ChDU. [Scientific works of the BSU]. Mykolaiv, 108, 121. 79–83. [in Ukrainian].
  41. Shypka, N. (2011). Osoblyvosti formuvannia suchasnoi derzhavnoi etnonatsionalnoi polityky Ukrainy [Features of the formation of modern state ethno-national policy of Ukraine]. Ukrainska natsionalna ideia : realii ta perspektyvy rozvytku [Ukrainian national idea : realities and prospects of development]. Lviv, 23. 170–175. [in Ukrainian].
  42. Shyrai, V. V. (2014). Suspilno-politychne stanovyshche krymskykh tatar v Ukraini kintsia XX – pochatku XXI st. : dys. na zdobuttia naukovoho stupenia kand. ist. nauk. za spets. : 07.00.01 – Istoriia Ukrainy [The socio-political situation of the Crimean Tatars in Ukraine at the end of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century : Dis. for obtaining the degree of Cand. is sciences for specialty : 07.00.01 – History of Ukraine]. Kyiv, 203. [in Ukrainian].
  43. (2016). Rheteoretichs of Names and Naming [Rheteoretichs of Names and Naming] / Edited by Star Medzerian Vanguri. [Edited by Star Medzerian Vanguri]. New York : by Routledge, 224. [in English].

Title page of Edition
© National Scientific Agricultural Library NAAS, 2018