ukr | eng
ННСГБ НААН  

Electronic scientific professional edition
History of Science and Biographical Studies
2018 No. 1
Article No. 11
All numbers /  2018 No.1 /  Article No.11
 
11 Formation and development of a research case on the mechanization of production processes in Kirovograd region (the beginning of the XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries) full article
https://doi.org/
Gaidenko O. 		Pages: 162-180
Summary

At the end of the nineteenth and at the beginning of the twentieth centuries the spread of means of mechanization required the study of the possibilities of using these machines in the conditions of the zone, compliance of them with agrotechnical requirements, which served the creation a machine testing department on the base of Adzhamka Agricultural Experimental Station. The department staff tested the plows and row drills, provided consultations to the peasants how to use them. In 1915, under the guidance of engineer Mescherin V.I. it was tested a disk harrow on a horse traction and cultivators with different working parts.

At the beginning of 1929–31, the work of the machine testing department was aimed at studying the processes of mechanization of basic tillage, application of fertilizers in oilseeds, sowing technologies, plant care and harvesting systems.

In 1956 it was introduced a square-hole method of sowing of sunflower and corn, was improved machinery and technology, and learned new methods for obtaining high yields of these crops.

In 1970–1980, the laboratory staff worked together with other departments, and the researches were aimed at improving the mechanization of technological processes in crop and livestock production.

Since 1989, work in the laboratory of mechanization was aimed at testing, scientific and production examination of new machinery and technologies in the conditions of agricultural enterprises in the Kirovograd region. With the development of farms, a scientific and production examination of a full complex of implements for these farms was carried out in the laboratory.

The researches were carried out in-depth on the peculiarities of the use of machinery also in the process of reforming the agroindustrial complex, which was characterized by the emergence of different by area, form of ownership, technical security and economic capacity of farms.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, scientists worked on the problems of using machinery in conditions where the level of depreciation of MTP at agricultural enterprises was 90–95%, and the rate of readiness decreased to 0.6 and almost did not updated the material and technical base.

From 2000 to 2005, there were conducted the researches to determine the optimal structure, quantitative composition of MTP according to the developed norms, which ensured reduction of operating costs in the production of agricultural products.

In the period from 2006 to 2010, the scientific team of the laboratory researched the level of technical readiness and efficiency of use of MTP in the farms of the region, and it was established that due to the use of a scientifically grounded complex of tillage and sowing machines it was possible to reduce the time spent on sowing by 75%, the costs of petrol, oil and lubricants by 20 % and total costs per a hectare up to 16% compared to a traditional technology.

From 2006 to 2009, together with scientists of the NNC «IMESG» of UAAS it was developed a scientific and practical publication «Technological process of production of substrate for growing of oyster mushrooms by fermentation method in a pasteurization chamber», which was implemented in TOV «Slavuta» of Belaya Tserkva district, Kyiv region.

The results of cooperation with the educators of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the KNTU (now TsNTU) were collaborative development and testing of modern agricultural machines and elements of working parts.

Since 2011, the researches were aimed at developing a technological process and justifying the complexes of technical means for harvesting and the use of plant biomass (straw) as solid biofuel to increase the level of energy autonomy of agricultural production.

The main results of the scientific researches carried out by the laboratory's scientists were used in the preparation of the publication «The scientifically grounded system of agricultural production in the Kirovograd region», the scientific collection «Vestnik Stepi», the monograph «The technology of production of oyster mushrooms» and the scientific-practical edition «The technological process of harvesting and use of plant biomass as solid biofuel».

Clearly understanding their role and tasks in solving the problems of mechanization of agroindustrial production, the team of scientists will increase the efficiency of scientific researches and implement the completed scientific developments in agricultural production in the future.
Keywords
formation, development, mechanization of production processes, means of mechanization, technological process, machine and tractor park
References
  1. Mashinoispytatel'nyj otdel. Dannye ispytanija plugov i rjadovyh sejalok v 1913 godu [Machine testing department. Data of testing of plows and seed drills in 1913]. Trudy Adzhamskoj sel'skohozjajstvennoj stancii Hersonskogo gubernskogo zemstva [Writings of the Adzhamka Agricultural Station of the Kherson Provincial Zemstvo]. Elisavetgrad, 1914. 4–12. [in Russian].
  2. Nagibin, V. I. (1914). Dannye ispytaniya ryadkovyh seyalok v 1913 godu na Adzhamskoj s.-h. opytnoj stancii [Data of testing of row drills in 1913 on the Adzhamka Agricultural Experimental Station]. Kiev. 4–12. [in Russian].
  3. Mescherin, V. I. (1915). Otchet po ispytaniyu s.-h. mashin pri mashinoispytatel'nom otdele. Diskovyj kul'tivator [The report on the test of agricultural machines at the machine testing department. Disc cultivator]. Kiev. [in Russian].
  4. Mescherin, V. I. (1915). Otchet po ispytaniyu s.-h. mashin pri mashinoispytatel'nom otdele. Paroochistiteli [The report on the test of agricultural machines at the machine testing department. Steam cleaners]. Kiev. [in Russian].
  5. Kratkie itogi raboty po maslichnym kul'turam za 1931–1935 gody [Summary of the work on oilseeds in 1931–1935]. Kiev : Gosselkhozizdat USSR, 1957. 1-k. [in Russian].
  6. Ustynchik, O. K. (1972). Korotkі pіdsumki roboti Kіrovograds'koї oblasnoї derzhavnoї sіl's'kogospodars'koї doslіdnoї stancії [Brief summary of the Kirovograd Regional State Agricultural Experimental Station]. Stepove zemlerobstvo [Steppe farming]. Kiev : The crop, 7-k. 82–92. [in Ukrainian].
  7. Golub, G. A., Abrosimova, G. L., Gaidenko, O. M., Kepko, O. I. and Tomashchuk, A. I. (2010). Tekhnologіchnij proces virobnictva substratu dlya viroshchuvannya glivi metodom fermentacії v pasterizacіjnіj kamerі: naukovo-virobniche vidannya [Technological process of production of substrate for growing of oyster mushrooms by fermentation method in a pasteurization chamber: scientific and production publication]. Kiev : Scientific world, 30. [in Ukrainian].
  8. Savranchuk, V. V., Semenyaka, I. N., Mostipan, N. I., Pikash, L. P. and Slobodyan, S. M. (2005). Naukovo-obґruntovana sistema agropromislovogo virobnictva v Kіrovograds'kіj oblastі [A scientifically grounded system of agricultural production in the Kirovograd region]. Kirovograd : Kirovograd institute of AIP of the UAAS, рublishing house «Lira LTD». 268. [in Ukrainian].
  9. Golub, G. A. Gaidenko, O. M. and Kepko, O. I. (2012). Іnzhenerіya virobnictva glivi [Engineering of the production of oyster mushrooms] Kirovograd : SPD FO Lysenko V. F. 448. [in Ukrainian].
  10. Gaidenko, O. N. (2017). Tekhnologіchnij proces zagotіvlі ta vikoristannya roslinnoї bіomasi yak tverdogo bіopaliva [Technological process of harvesting and use of plant biomass as solid biofuel : monograph].Kiev : Agrarnaya nauka, 144. [in Ukrainian].

Title page of Edition
© National Scientific Agricultural Library NAAS, 2018