The article continues the author's previous research on the evolution of scientific views on identifying the xenobiotic properties of synthetic substances used by humans in various sectors of the economy, with the development of modern ecology. In the second half of the XX century, when the idea (modern paradigm) of "the connection of everything with everything" became dominant in Environmental Research, the modern stage (1970 – present) of its development was formed in the history of the formation of ecology as a science. It was realized, albeit belatedly, the need for simultaneous and accurate consideration of all changes in the natural environment due to the development of the Earth's spheres and the impact of human activity on it. The problem of averting the global environmental crisis has raised the issue of combining all scientific knowledge and branches of practical activity on a single scientific basis and defined a single task for all: to investigate the nature and extent of environmental pollution associated with human activity, the degree of their danger and the possibility of neutralization, ways of ecologization of production, saving and reproduction of natural resources. There was a need for scientific knowledge on which to base regulations and safety assessment of synthetic chemicals and drugs, which became an important motivation for the study of xenobiotics. It is established that at this time the International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics (ISSX) was established, which became the main scientific organization for researchers interested in the metabolism and effects of foreign substances on living organisms. Since the 60s and 70s, the boundaries of toxicology have expanded significantly and it has developed into the science of the pathology of xenobiotics on living organisms, that is, ecological toxicology or environmental toxicology has emerged. In the late XX and early XXI centuries, much attention in Ukraine began to be paid to the issue of predicting harm and risk assessment, including the «risk-benefit» criterion for toxic substances. Industrial and agricultural ecotoxicology is actively developing. Lev Ivanovich Medved (1905-1982) made a significant contribution to the development of agricultural labor and pesticide toxicology. His organizational activity as the director of the Kyiv Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases from 1952 to 1964, and then from 1964 to 1982 as the director of the All-Union Research Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology of Pesticides, Polymers and Plastics contributed to the creation of creative scientific teams that occupy leading positions in the field of agricultural labor both in Ukraine and abroad. In modern scientific research, Ukrainian scientists have studied the dynamics of accumulation of residual amounts of pesticides produced in the late XX – early XXI centuries and continue to study the xenobiotic properties of pesticides used to protect crops. To this day, the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine remains the main institution of the Scientific and Methodological Center in our country for the implementation of the scientific research program «Plant Protection». The studies indicate the need to accelerate the study of the toxic properties of xenobiotics used in various spheres of life and their impact on the environment.

1. The International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics (ISSX). (n.d.). issx.org. Retrieved from https://www.issx.org/page/History.
2. Arkhiv Prezydii NAN Ukrainy. Fund 251, Inventory 1, Unit 273.
3. Bilous, V. I., & Bilous, V. V. (2002). Talotoksykozy («chernivetska khimichna khvoroba») [Talotoxicosis («Chernivtsi chemical disease»)]. Chernivtsi: «Misto» [in Ukrainian].
4. Borzykh, O., Havryliuk, L., & Krut, M. (2022). Instytut zakhystu roslyn Natsionalnoi akademii ahrarnykh nauk Ukrainy (75 rokiv diialnosti) [Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (75 years of activity)]. Istoriia nauky i biohrafistyka – History of science and biographistics, no. 1, pp. 138-155. URL: ІНСТИТУТУ ЗАХИСТУ РОСЛИН УААН – 60 (dnsgb.com.ua) [in Ukrainian].
5. Bublyk, L. I. Assassa (Tsyren), V. F., Cherhyna, O. D., & Kasian, L. M. (1998). Dynamika rozpadu pestytsydiv khlortoluronu (Lentypur, 70% s.k.) i beta- tsyflutrynu (Buldok, 2,5% k.e.) v ozymii pshenytsi ta yaromu yachmeni [Dynamics of decomposition of pesticides chlortoluron (Lentipur, 70% c. e.) and beta-cyflutrin (Bulldok, 2.5% c.e.) in winter wheat and spring barley]. Zakhyst roslyn – Plant protection, no. 6, pp. 9-10 [in Ukrainian].
6. Bublyk, L. I., Shevchuk, O. V., & Kruk, L. S. (2002). Dlia ozdorovlennia dovkillia [To improve the environment]. Zakhyst roslyn – Plant protection, no. 1, pp. 18-19 [in Ukrainian].
7. Bublyk, L. I., Fedorenko, N. V., Solomenko, L. I., & Pustovit, I. M. (2008). Kontrol zabrudnennia gruntiv pryvatnykh hospodarstv Zhytomyrshchyny [Control of soil pollution in private farms of Zhytomyr region]. Karantyn ta zakhyst roslyn – Quarantine and plant protection, no. 5, pp. 12-13 [in Ukrainian].
8. Vasyliev, V. P., Kavetskyi, V. M., & Bublyk, L. I. (1993). Upravlinia yakistiu zovnishnoho seredovyshcha pry vykorystanni pestytsydiv [Environmental quality management in the use of pesticides]. Zakhyst roslyn – Plant protection, vol. 40, pp. 71-74 [in Ukrainian].
9. Hryhor’ieva, L. I., & Tomilin, Yu. A. (2015). Ekolohichna toksykolohiia ta ekotoksykolohichnyi kontrol [Environmental toxicology and ecotoxicological control]. Mykolaiv [in Ukrainian].
10. Zlobin, Yu. A., & Kochubei, N. V. (2005). Zahalna ekolohiia [General Ecology]. Sumy [in Ukrainian].
11. Kavetskyi, V. M. (2002). Ekotoksykolohichne obgruntuvannia zastosuvannia zasobiv khimizatsii [Ecotoxicological justification of the use of chemicalization agents]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal – Agroecological Journal, no. 2, pp. 24-29 [in Ukrainian].
12. Krut, M. (2022). Investytsiino-innovatsiina baza danykh naukovykh rozrobok iz zakhystu roslyn v Ukraini [Investment and innovation database of scientific developments on plant protection in Ukraine]. Materialy Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii «Naukovo-innovatsiinyi rozvytok ahrovyrobnytstva yak zaporuka prodovolchoi bezpeky Ukrainy: vchora, sohodni, zavtra» – Materials of the All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference «Scientific and innovative development of agricultural production as a guarantee of food security of Ukraine: yesterday, today, tomorrow» (pp. 26-28). Vinnytsia [in Ukrainian].
13. Medvediev, V. V., Tarariko, O. H., & Patyka, V. P. (2003). Obstezhennia zemel na vmist zalyshkiv pestytsydiv [Land survey for pesticide residues]. In Metodyka ahrokhimichnoi pasportyzatsii zemel silskohospodarskoho pryznachennia – Methodology of agrochemical certification of agricultural land. S. M. Ryzhyk, M. V. Lisovyi, D. M. Bentsarovskyi (Eds.). Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
14. Medved, L. Y. (1970). Hyhyena prymenenyia, toksykolohyia pestytsydov i klynyka otravlenyi [Hygiene and toxicology of pesticides and clinic of poisoning]. Kyev [In Russian].
15. Mokliachuk, L. I., Andriienko, H. H., & Lishchuk, A. M. et al (2007). Monitorynh ta ekotoksykolohichna otsinka gruntiv z tryvalym polikomponentnym zabrudnenniam [Monitoring and ecotoxicological assessment of soils with long-term multi-component pollution]. Ahroekolohichnyi zhurnal – Agroecological Journal, no. 1, pp. 18-24 [in Ukrainian].
16. Loit, A. O. (Eds.). ( 2006). Obshchaia toksykolohyia: rukovodstvo dlia vrachei [General Toxicology: a guide for doctors]. Sankt-Peterburh [in Russian].
17. (1990). Principles of studying diseases of presumed chemical etiology and their prevention. Hygienic criteria for the state of the environment. Geneva [in Russian].
18. Solomenko, L. I., Boholiubov, V. M., & Volokh, A. M. (2020). Zahalna ekolohiia [General Ecology]. Kherson [in Ukrainian].
19. Solomenko, L. (2022). Ksenobiotychni doslidzhennia v istorii rozvytku suchasnoi ekolohii [Xenobiotic research in the history of the development of modern ecology] Materialy Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii «Naukovo-innovatsiinyi rozvytok ahrovyrobnytstva yak zaporuka prodovolchoi bezpeky Ukrainy: vchora, sohodni, zavtra» – Materials of the All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference «Scientific and innovative development of agricultural production as a guarantee of food security of Ukraine: yesterday, today, tomorrow» (pp. 227 – 228). Vinnytsia [in Ukrainian].
20. Solomenko, L. (2022). Teoretyko-metodolohichni osnovy evoliutsii naukovykh pohliadiv pro ksenobiotychni doslidzhennia u 20 st. [Theoretical and methodological basis of the evolution of scientific views on xenobiotic research in the 20th century. Istoriia nauky i biohrafistyka – History of Science and biographistics, no. 3, pp. 119-129. URL: 07.pdf (dnsgb.com.ua) [in Ukrainian].