Using methods of specific historical and problem analysis, the formation and development of vocational education in Ukraine at the beginning of the twentieth century is examined. Particular attention is paid to the development of vocational education among workers and peasants. The activities of the Central Council and the Provisional Government to create a new vocational school in the country are described. The works of Ukrainian historians with the analysis of professional education among the working people are shown. It was noted the creation of a wide system of vocational schools, technical schools and special courses for personnel training.

For the period 1917-1920. dramatic changes have taken place in the field of vocational education: radical transformations on the path of the national-cultural revival of the Ukrainian people. A national education system has been created, and the eradication of adult illiteracy has begun. At the same time, the national democratic governments approached the problem of providing qualified production personnel by creating a wide system of training qualified workers, both through the system of vocational schools and the system of special courses for industrial enterprises of agricultural and economic profiles.

In almost four years, Ukrainian school education was created, its reform was carried out, the material base was significantly strengthened. The school network covered not only cities, but also villages and farms. Significant work has been done in the vocational education system. Many schools, colleges, technical schools in new specialties have opened. Significantly increased the number of full-time vocational schools of technical, agricultural, economic and other profiles. Vocational educational institutions for the working population, mainly with an evening training program, began to be established in cities and large villages. The problem of combating illiteracy was brought to the national level. At the expense of the state, public and cultural organizations, an extensive system of cultural and educational institutions has been built, which contributed to the further development of both the national system of school and vocational education.

Libraries played a significant role in the development of culture. Their network in Ukraine during the years 1917-1920. has grown tenfold. National libraries played an important role in providing workers and peasants with a variety of educational literature. Over the years, the National Library was created with branches in the provinces, the number of public, school, scientific and other libraries has increased significantly; there was an increase in the funds of Ukrainian literature, the departments of literature of national minorities and the departments of periodicals were opened.

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